ACI 447.1R-18 PDF Download

ACI 447.1R-18 is a standard that focuses on the modeling techniques used in finite element simulations of concrete structures strengthened using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. The standard highlights the importance of FRP strengthening in enhancing the flexural, shear, and axial capacity of structural elements. While experimental testing has been commonly used for investigation, this standard emphasizes the use of numerical techniques, specifically the finite element (FE) method, to provide predictive models for structural characterization.

The objective of using well-calibrated FE models is to expand the range of experimental data, provide insights into parameters that are difficult to measure experimentally, and assist in designing systems that require complex FRP strengthening where physical testing may not be feasible. This standard serves as a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in FRP-strengthened RC member modeling. It offers general guidelines for implementing the best modeling practices that accurately capture the complex behavior of concrete cracking and crushing, concrete shear retention, concrete fracture energy, steel-to-concrete bond behavior, FRP-to-concrete interface, FRP debonding failure modes, and FE mesh dependency.