ASTM D4253-16e1 PDF Download

ASTM D4253-16e1 is a standard test method that is used to determine the maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table. This standard is primarily applicable to cohesionless, free-draining soils. The maximum index density and unit weight are important factors in evaluating the compactness of soil masses during construction or as naturally occurring formations.

The standard recognizes that relative density and percent compaction are commonly used indicators of soil compactness. However, it emphasizes the need for engineering judgment in relating the compactness to other engineering properties such as strength, compressibility, and permeability.

The test methods outlined in this standard provide options for determining the maximum index density and unit weight using oven-dried or wet soil, and with different types of vibrating tables. It is recommended to perform both dry and wet methods when encountering a change in soil types or starting a new job, as the wet method can yield significantly different values. The standard also highlights that the use of electromagnetic tables may yield slightly higher values than eccentric or cam-driven tables.

The quality of the test results obtained using this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the test, as well as the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. The standard also acknowledges that there can be variability in the test results, but this can be reduced by careful calibration of equipment and adherence to proper test procedures.

It should be noted that an absolute maximum density/unit weight may not be obtained using these test methods. The use of special molds is only recommended when test results need to be applied in specific design or special study situations where there is insufficient soil to use the standard molds. However, caution should be exercised as the maximum index densities/unit weights obtained with special molds may not agree with those obtained using standard molds.